垃圾焚燒爐是農村生活垃圾重要的解決途徑
農(nong)村(cun)垃(la)圾是指在日常生活(huo)(huo)日常生活(huo)(huo)中提供服務的(de)活(huo)(huo)動(dong)中產生的(de)固(gu)體廢(fei)物(wu)和法律、行(xing)政(zheng)法規(gui)規(gui)定(ding)的(de)生活(huo)(huo)廢(fei)物(wu)。
農村生(sheng)活垃圾焚燒(shao)爐(lu)是(shi)一(yi)種高溫熱(re)處理(li)技術(shu)，即焚燒(shao)爐(lu)與處理(li)過程中的(de)廢(fei)(fei)物(wu)發生(sheng)氧化(hua)反應。廢(fei)(fei)物(wu)中的(de)有(you)毒有(you)害物(wu)質在高溫下被氧化(hua)。熱(re)解和破壞是(shi)一(yi)種可以同時實現廢(fei)(fei)物(wu)無害化(hua)和減少的(de)處理(li)技術(shu)。、
為了減少垃圾(ji)產生的(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)味(wei)對周(zhou)圍環境的(de)(de)(de)影響，燃(ran)(ran)(ran)燒空氣(qi)(qi)從垃圾(ji)儲存坑上方(fang)取(qu)出，二(er)次(ci)(ci)加熱(re)由鼓風(feng)機(ji)吸入(ru)和(he)(he)壓力輸送。一級是(shi)(shi)蒸汽加熱(re)，二(er)級是(shi)(shi)煙氣(qi)(qi)加熱(re)器，將風(feng)溫(wen)提(ti)高到(dao)250℃左右，然后分為一次(ci)(ci)風(feng)和(he)(he)二(er)次(ci)(ci)風(feng)。一次(ci)(ci)風(feng)進入(ru)爐(lu)排下(xia)方(fang)的(de)(de)(de)公共風(feng)室(shi)(shi)，通過(guo)調(diao)各風(feng)室(shi)(shi)風(feng)門獲(huo)得風(feng)量分配(pei)。通過(guo)爐(lu)條的(de)(de)(de)風(feng)管(guan)通過(guo)垃圾(ji)層進入(ru)爐(lu)內，提(ti)供(gong)垃圾(ji)焚燒所需的(de)(de)(de)氧氣(qi)(qi)。二(er)次(ci)(ci)風(feng)通過(guo)二(er)次(ci)(ci)風(feng)管(guan)從燃(ran)(ran)(ran)燒室(shi)(shi)前方(fang)噴入(ru)爐(lu)內，后拱兩(liang)排噴嘴噴入(ru)爐(lu)內，擾動燃(ran)(ran)(ran)燒，補充(chong)(chong)氧氣(qi)(qi)，達(da)到(dao)充(chong)(chong)分燃(ran)(ran)(ran)燒的(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)。燃(ran)(ran)(ran)燒空氣(qi)(qi)從垃圾(ji)儲存坑中提(ti)取(qu)，將這些有異味(wei)的(de)(de)(de)污(wu)染空氣(qi)(qi)送入(ru)爐(lu)內進行高溫(wen)處理(li)，保持垃圾(ji)儲存坑負壓，避免逃生造成周(zhou)圍環境污(wu)染。
垃圾燃(ran)燒產生(sheng)(sheng)的高(gao)溫(wen)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)氣(qi)(qi)在引風機的吸入(ru)(ru)下，首先(xian)通(tong)(tong)(tong)過鍋爐(lu)(lu)(lu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)道(dao)(dao)和(he)通(tong)(tong)(tong)道(dao)(dao)與爐(lu)(lu)(lu)連接，將(jiang)(jiang)膜水(shui)冷(leng)壁延伸(shen)到(dao)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)拱和(he)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)壁，下部用(yong)耐火材料(liao)鋪設相(xiang)當(dang)長(chang)的衛生(sheng)(sheng)燃(ran)燒帶(dai)，以減緩換熱(re)速度，使(shi)區域煙(yan)(yan)(yan)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)度不低于(yu)(yu)850℃，爐(lu)(lu)(lu)溫(wen)度測(ce)量點(dian)位于(yu)(yu)衛生(sheng)(sheng)燃(ran)燒帶(dai)上(shang)端，通(tong)(tong)(tong)過溫(wen)度測(ce)量點(dian)控制(zhi)焚燒爐(lu)(lu)(lu)燃(ran)燒，確(que)保(bao)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)氣(qi)(qi)在850℃保(bao)溫(wen)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)內至少停留2秒，有利于(yu)(yu)二惡(e)英的分解，滿足(zu)環保(bao)要求。鋪設衛生(sheng)(sheng)燃(ran)燒帶(dai)還可以避(bi)免(mian)水(shui)冷(leng)壁暴露在高(gao)溫(wen)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)氣(qi)(qi)中造成(cheng)的高(gao)溫(wen)腐蝕。煙(yan)(yan)(yan)氣(qi)(qi)通(tong)(tong)(tong)過冷(leng)凝管(guan)從上(shang)到(dao)下通(tong)(tong)(tong)過第二通(tong)(tong)(tong)道(dao)(dao)，通(tong)(tong)(tong)過輻(fu)射傳熱(re)換熱(re)，然后急轉向第三(san)通(tong)(tong)(tong)道(dao)(dao)和(he)第四(si)通(tong)(tong)(tong)道(dao)(dao)（第四(si)通(tong)(tong)(tong)道(dao)(dao)布置省煤器(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)加熱(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)），加快換熱(re)速度，將(jiang)(jiang)鍋爐(lu)(lu)(lu)省煤器(qi)(qi)(qi)出口煙(yan)(yan)(yan)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)度降至380℃左右。然后通(tong)(tong)(tong)過布置管(guan)式煙(yan)(yan)(yan)氣(qi)(qi)加熱(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)，將(jiang)(jiang)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)氣(qi)(qi)冷(leng)卻器(qi)(qi)(qi)進(jin)入(ru)(ru)270℃左右。污水處理設備
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